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| Research Studies / References |
Research conducted at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, and funded by the National Heart Foundation of Australia, has shown that CoQ10 may be very valuable to those who undergo heart surgery. Investigators found that elderly heart bypass patients given 300 milligrams of CoQ10 (considered a high dose) recovered better and more quickly than those on placebo. The CoQ10 helped the heart muscle to pump more efficiently and to better tolerate stress.
A series of studies conducted in Japan have reached similar conclusions. Additional research points to CoQ10's ability to help reduce complications and further heart problems after a patient has experienced a first heart attack.
Roland Stocker at the Heart Research Institute in Sydney has come up with data that is relevant to the interests of neurologists. His team has shown that CoQ10 has the ability to target a nasty substance involved in oxidation known as "peroxynitrite." What's important for consideration here is that this substance is, for example, implicated in chronic inflammation, which is a hot topic in research on Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers have demonstrated that Coenzyme Q 10 deficiencies are more prevalent with age. As we grow older, we are no longer able to produce Co Q10 from the food in our diet. This is because as we age, the body loses its efficiency in manufacturing important nutrients. Hence, even though the young may be able to get enough CoQ-10 by making it and ingesting it through diet, a gradual deficiency may develop as we reach middle age and beyond. In addition, people with serious diseases (such as heart disease and cancer) tend to have low Co Q10 levels. Consumed regularly, Coenzyme Q 10 fights off the aging process as it contributes to greater health and longevity.
Many doctors in Europe recommend Coenzyme Q10 supplement to patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Japan, since the late 1970s, Co Q10 supplement has been widely accepted as a preventative dietary supplement and as a treatment for those with heart-related conditions. Since 1982, CoQ10 supplement has rivaled that country's top five medications in consumption. For years, the Japanese have led the world in research on this amazing nutrient.
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| Potential indications for testing CoQ10 deficiency |
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Mitochondrial disease. |
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Cardiomyopathy. |
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Muscular Dystrophy, Parkinson's disease. |
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Metabolic syndrome, Malnutrition. |
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Patients with coronary artery disease being treated with Statin drugs. |
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In the mid 1970's, the Japanese perfected the industrial technology of fermentation to produce pure CoQ10 in significant quantities. To this day, virtually all CoQ10 still comes from Japan. There are two different methods of manufacture. One is via fermentation and the other is via a combination of fermentation and synthesis. |
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In the early 1970s, there were discoveries that people with gum disease and heart disease were deficient in CoQ-10. The momentum began to build and, by the early 1980's, CoQ-10 had reached a level of consumption in Japan that rivaled that country's five top medications. In fact, all along, it has been the Japanese and the Europeans who have conducted the majority of clinical trials using CoQ-10 | | |
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| References |
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R.Aejmelaeus, T.Mets,,-Ketel,,, P.Laippala, H.Alho, T.Solakvi. Ubiquinol-10 and total peroxyl radical trapping capacity of LDL lipoproteins during aging: the effects of Q-10 supplementation. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1997; 18:Suppl:s113-20. |
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R.Alleva, M.Tomasetti, S.Bompadre, G.P.Littarru. Oxidation of LDL and their subfractions: kinetic aspects and CoQ10 content. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1997;18:Suppl:s105-12. |
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E.Baggio, R.Gandini, A.C.Plancher, M.Passeri, G.Carmosino. Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1994;15 Suppl:s287-94. |
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A.M.Bargossi, M.Battino, A.Gaddi, P.L.Fiorella, G.Grossi, G.Barozzi, R.Di Giulio, G.Descovich, S.Sassi, M.L.Genova. Exogenous CoQ10 preserves plasma ubiquinone levels in patients treated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Int J Clin Lab Res 1994;24(3):171-6. |
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R.F.Beyer, L.Ernster. The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q. Highlights in Ubiquinone research. G.Lenaz, O.Barnabei, A.Rabbi, M.Battino, (Eds) Taylor and Francis, London, 1990, pp.191-213 |
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M.Chello, P.Mastroroberto, R.Romano, E.Bevacqua, D.Pantaleo, R.Ascione, A.R.Marchese, N.Spampinato. Protection by coenzyme Q10 from myocardial reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1994 Nov;58(5):1427-32. |
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M.Chello, P.Mastroroberto, R.Romano, P.Castaldo, E.Bevacqua, A.R.Marchese. Protection by coenzyme Q10 of tissue reperfusion injury during abdominal aortic cross-clamping. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1996 Jun;37(3):229-35. |
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Y.F.Chen, Y.T.Lin, S.C.Wu. Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on myocardial preservation during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994 Jan;107(1):242-7. |
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A.Constantinescu, J.J.Maguire, L.Packer. Interactions between ubiquinones and vitamins in membranes and cells. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1994;15 Suppl:s57-s65. |
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F.L.Crane, Y.Hatefi, R.I.Lester, C.Widmer. Isolation of a quinone from beef heart mitochondria. Biochimica et Biophys. Acta 1957;25:2201. |
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F.L.Crane, D.J.MorrÅ . Evidence for coenzyme Q function in Golgi membranes. In: K.Folkers, Y.Yamamura (Eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1977; p.77-86. |
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F.L.Crane, I.L.Sun, R.Barr, D.J.MorrÅ . Coenzyme Q in Golgi apparatus membrane redox activity and proton uptake. K.Folkers, Y.Yamamura (Eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1984;4:77-86. |
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J.A.Crestanello, J.Kamelgard, D.M.Lingle, S.A.Mortensen, M.Rhode, G.J.Whitman. Elucidation of a tripartite mechanism underlying the improvement in cardiac tolerance to ischemia by coenzyme Q10 pretreatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996 Feb;111(2) 443-50. |
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V.Digiesi, F.Cantini, A.Oradei, G.Bisi, G.C.Guarino, A.Brocchi, F.Bellandi, M.Mancini, G.P.Littarru. Coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1994;15 Suppl:s257-63. |
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L.Ernster, P.Forsmark-Andree. Ubiquinol: an endogenous antioxidant in aerobic organisms. K.Folkers, S.A.Mortensen, G.P.Littarru, T.Yamagami, and G.Lenaz (eds) The Clinical Investigator, 1993;71(8):S60-5. |
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K.Folkers, G.P.Littarru, L.Ho, T.M.Runge, S.Havanonda, D.Cooley. Evidence for a deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in human heart disease. Int Z Vitaminforsch, 1970; 40(3):380-90. |
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K.Folkers, S.Vadhanavikit, S.A.Mortensen. Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1985 Feb; 82:3, 901-4. |
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K.Folkers, P.H.Langsjoen, R.Willis, P.Richardson, L.J.Xia, C.Q.Ye, H.Tamagawa. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87: 22, 1990 Nov, 8931-4. |
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G.Ghirlanda, A.Oradei, A.Manto, S.Lippa, L.Uccioli, S.Caputo, A.V.Greco, G.P.Littarru. Evidence of plasma CoQ10 -lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol 1993 Mar;33(3):226-9. |
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M.Hamada, Y.Kazatani, T.Ochi, T.Ito, T.Kokubu. Correlation between serum CoQ10 level and myocardial contractility in hypertensive patients. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1984;4:263-70. |
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K.Hashiba, K.Kuramoto, Z.Ishimi, K.Kato, K.Seki, K.Taniguchi, T.Taya, F.Terawasa, S.Torii, J.Fijii, N.Yamazaki and H.Watanabe, Heart 1972;4:1579-89 [in Japanese]. |
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Y.Hiasa, T.Ishida, T.Maeda, K.Iwanc, T.Aihara, and H.Mori. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. K.Folkers, Y.Yamamura (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1984;4:291-301. |
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K.U.Ingold, V.W.Bowry, R.Stocker, C.Walling. Autoxidation of lipids and antioxidation by alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol in homogeneous solution and in aqueous dispersions of lipids: unrecognized consequences of lipid particle size as exemplified by oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Jan 1;90(1):45-9. |
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T.Iwabuchi, N.Kato, N.Goto, Y.Higuchi, S.Takaola, Y.Iwaki, E.Shidara, M.Yoshimura and J.Atarashi. Jpn. J Clin. Exp. Med. 1972;49:2604-8 (in Japanese). |
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W.V.Judy, J.H.Hall, P.D.Toth, K.Folkers. Double blind-double crossover study of coenzyme Q10 in heart failure. In: K.Folkers and Y.Yamamura (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1986;5:315-23. |
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W.V.Judy, K.Folkers, J.H.Hall. Improved long-term survival in coenzyme Q10 treated congestive heart failure patients compared to conventionally treated patients. K.Folkers, G.P.Littarru and T.Yamagami (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1991;6:291-8. |
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W.V.Judy, W.W.Stogsdill, K.Folkers. Myocardial preservation by therapy with coenzyme Q10 during heart surgery. Clinical Investigator 1993;71(8 Suppl):S155-61. |
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T.Kamikawa, A.Kobayashi, T.Yamashita, H.Hayashi, and N.Yamazaki. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. American. Journal of Cardiology 1985; 56:247-51. |
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T.Kato, S.Yoneda, T.Kako, M.Koketsu, I.Hayano, T.Fujinami. Reduction in blood viscosity by treatment with coenzyme Q10 in patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1990 Mar; 28 (3):123-6. |
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T.Kishi, T.Okamoto, N.Kanamori, T.Yamagami, H.Kishi, A.Onada and K.Folkers. Estimation od plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 and relationship to oral dosage. K.Folkers, Y.Yamamura (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier/North-Holland Press;1981;3:67-89. |
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N.Kitamura, A.Yamaguchi, M.Otaki, O.Sawatani, T.Minoji, H.Tamura, and M.Atobe. Myocardial tissue level of coenzyme Q10 in patients with cardiac failure. K.Folkers and Y.Yamamura (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1984;4:243-52. |
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B.Kuklinski, E.Weissenbacher, A.Fahnrich. Coenzyme Q10 and antioxidants in acute myocardial infarction. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1994;15 Suppl:s143-7. |
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R.Laaksonen, K.Jokelainen, T.Sahi, M.J.Tikkanen, J.J.Himberg. Decreases in serum ubiquinone concentrations do not result in reduced levels in muscle tissue during short-term simvastatin treatment in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995 Jan;57(1):62-6. |
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P.H.Langsjoen, S.Vadhanavikit, K.Folkers. Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10 . Proceedings of the National Acadademy of Sciences, U.S.A. 1985; 82:4240-4. |
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P.H.Langsjoen, P.H.Langsjoen, K.Folkers. Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. American. Journal of Cardiology, 1990, Feb 15; 65(7):521-3. |
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P.H.Langsjoen, P.H.Langsjoen, K.Folkers. Isolated diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium and its response to CoQ10 treatment. K.Folkers, S.A.Mortensen, G.P.Littarru, T.Yamagami, and G.Lenaz (eds) Clinical Investigator,1993;71:S140-4. |
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P.H.Langsjoen, P.H.Langsjoen, R.Willis, K.Folkers. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10 . The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1994;15 Suppl:s265-72.< | | |
